Breast cancer

Breast cancer: prevention and fight against the disease Introduction

Breast cancer is the leading cancer in women both in developed and developing countries. The incidence of breast cancer increasing in the developing world due to a longer life expectancy, increasing urbanization and the adoption of Western lifestyles.

Although some risk reduction can be achieved by prevention, such strategies do not eliminate the majority of breast cancers that occur in countries with low and middle income where the disease is diagnosed at stages well advanced. Therefore, early detection to improve the outcome of the disease and survival is the main way to fight against breast cancer.

Recommended strategies for early detection in countries with low and middle income is the recognition of early signs and symptoms, and screening by clinical breast examination in pilot areas. Mammography screening is very expensive and is only recommended in countries with good medical facilities that have the means to develop a long-term program.

Many countries with low and middle income who are facing the double burden of cervical cancer of the uterus and breast cancer need to implement interventions are a cost / effective and affordable to address these diseases that can be easily prevented.

WHO is promoting the fight against breast cancer as part of national fight against cancer and advocates its integration in the prevention of noncommunicable diseases and the fight against these diseases. With the support of the Komen Foundation, the WHO is currently, and for five years, a study on the cost / effectiveness of screening for breast cancer in 10 countries with low and middle income.

The project includes a tool for assessing the cost of programs to determine whether they are affordable. It is hoped that the results of this project will provide evidence that will design appropriate policies to fight against breast cancer in less developed countries.

Breast cancer: prevention and fight against

Breast cancer: prevention and fight against the disease Mortality and morbidity due to breast cancer

Breast cancer is the generality ordinary cancer among women worldwide and accounts for sixteen percent of every feminine cancers. An estimated 519 000 the number of female who died in 2004 of breast cancer. Although we consider this disease as an infection of the improved places, a greater part sixty-nine percent of all deaths from breast cancer occur in improving places (2004,Global Burden of Disease WHO ).

Incidence charge differs widely around the world, the age-standardized rate reaching ninety-nine points per 100000 in South America, North America, South Africa, Eastern Europe and West Asia have higher incidence of moderate, other than these are progressive. Incidence charge are the lowest recorded in the majority African countries, other than the incidence rates of breast cancer are increasing.

Survival rates for breast cancer vary widely from one country to another, ranging from eighty percent otherwise more in Sweden, Japan and North America to nearly sixty percent in middle-earning countries, and less than forty in tiny-earnings countries (2008, Coleman et al). The little endurance rate in fewer improved places can be Stated mostly by the deficiency of faster discovery programs, As a result in a eminent ratio of female with advanced infection, the same as the absence of facilities for diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Breast cancer: Risk of Breast Cancer

Breast cancer: prevention and fight against the disease Risk factors for breast cancer

Relatives the past of breast cancer enhancement the danger by a reason of or. Some mutations, those of BRCA1, BRCA2 & p53, lead to a high risk of breast cancer. But, these conversion are uncommon & represent only a tiny part of the general disease burden & mortality from breast cancer.

Several danger causes for breast cancer have been clearly demonstrated. However, for most females with breast cancer, it is impossible to identify specific risk factors (2009, Lacey et al, 2008, IARC, ).

The achievement of several conversion danger causes - excepting factors related to reproduction - to the general burden of morbidity & mortality from breast cancer was assessed by (2005, Danaei et al.). The authors concluded that twenty-one percent of all deaths from breast cancer in the world can be attributed to alcohol consumption, fat & obesity, & lack of exercise.

Generative factors related by extended expression to intrinsic estrogen, as like early puberty, late menopause or a late first pregnancy are between the factors largely imperative danger of breast cancer. Exogenous hormones also cause a privileged threat of breast cancer. Females using oral contraceptives or hormone substitute treatment & are at advanced threat than females who do not use them. (IARC, 2008, Lacey et al., 2009) Breastfeeding has a protective effect.

The distinction in the incidence of breast cancer between improved & improving countries can be partly explained by the effects of diet associated with a first pregnancy later, a smaller number of kids, & a period of breastfeeding shorter (2001, Peto). The growing trend towards the acceptance of westerly lifestyles in clime with low & middle income is an significant definitive of the increased incidence of breast cancer in these clime.

This percentage was advanced in high earnings countries twenty seven percent & the risk factor was the most significant fat & obesity. In countries with low & middle income, the amount of breast cancers can be attributed to these risk factors was eighteen percent, & lack of exercise was the most important determinant ten percent.

Breast cancer: Prevention and Fight against

Breast cancer: prevention and fight against the disease Fight against breast cancer

The public awareness to the issue of breast cancer & the method to fight against it while promoting policies & programs appropriate: this is the main strategy against cancer based on population. Lots of low-income or middle income are now faced with the twice weight of breast cancer & cancer of the uterus that are highly deadly in ladies more than thirty years. These countries need to equipment mutual technique that meet these public health issues effectively & economically.

Prevention

WHO advocates to fight against breast cancer as part of comprehensive fight against cancer at the national level that are integrated in the fight against noncommunicable diseases in general & other related issues. For completeness, the means to fight against cancer ought to include prevention, early detection, diagnosis & treatment, rehabilitation & palliative care.

The fight against some risk factors for breast cancer in which it is feasible to act & an useful possessing forbearance of NCDs support healthy eating, exercise & the fight against alcohol consumption, fat & obesity could have an ascendancy & reduce the occurrence of breast cancer over time.

Early detection

While a number of risk decrease can be achieved through prevention strategies in that can help eliminate the sizable greater part of breast cancers that occur in low-income or middle income. Consequently, early recognition to improve the result of the disease & survival is the main way to fight against breast cancer.

There's methods for early detection:

A screening program is much more complex to implement a program of early diagnosis (WHO, 2007).

early diagnosis and recognition of early syndrome and signs in people with signs to simplify diagnosis and treatment at an early stage, and

Screening is the systematical execution of a check in a population usually asymptomatic. It destination to find personality with an unnaturalness meaningful of cancer.

Early diagnosis remains an important strategy for the disease in early stages, in low-income countries and middle-income where the diseases are usually diagnosed at advanced stages and where resources are limited. Some facts shows that such a strategy can lead to a "decline" of the disease at stages that are more likely to reply to healing treatment (that is to say, the increase in the proportion of cancers detected in early) (Yip et al., 2008).

Mammography

Regardless of the process used for early detection, the achievement of early detection in the population is chiefly based on cautious preparation and a well-prearranged and endurable is the right group of people and be sure organization, stability and the quality of interventions for the period of delicacy. Targeting the incorrect age collection, for example more youthful females with breast cancer risk is lower, could lead to a subordinate percentage of breast cancers detected every female veiled and, consequently, alleviate the charge / efficiency. In besides, the targeting of more youthful females would guide to a deeper analysis of benign, causing unnecessary overhead of health services due to the apply of additional resources for screening (2008, Yip et al)

Early diagnosis.

Mammography is the simply viewing process for tangible results. It reduces mortality from breast cancer by twenty to thirty percent in females over 50 years of lofty-earnings countries where the detection rate is above seventy percent (IARC, 2008). Screening mammography is complex and requires significant resources, and no investigate has been conducted on its effectiveness in countries where resources are limited.

Self-examination (BSE)

There is no fact of the result of program during self-test (BSE). However, it was found that the exercise of self-examination, or palpation of the breasts allows females to take responsibility and take charge of theirs himself happiness. Consequently, self-examination is recommended to educate females in danger than as a screening process.